formula one legend michael schumacher hit his head severely while skiing on december 29, 2013. he was operated on for brain decompression and left in a coma fighting for life. in such severe brain injury with cerebral contusion and hemorrhage following head trauma, refractory to medical therapy and with increasing cerebral oedema and intracranial pressure, critically low cerebral perfusion can ...

aim: aquaporin4 (aqp4) is the main water channel in the brain that has important role in water transport across blood- brain- barrier. it has been proved that intracranial pressure and also expression of aqp4 increase in some disorders such as hydrocephalus, hyponatremia, cytotoxic oedema and brain tumours and drugs that can decrease the expression of this aqp can offer some treatment for these...

Low attenuation of the cerebral white matter occurs with oedema and demyelination. When unilateral or asymmetrical it is usually due to a tumour, granuloma or abscess. The nidus responsible for the vasogenic oedema can be demonstrated after contrast enhancement. Bilateral demyelination occurs especially with viral infections such as herpes simplex encephalitis and progressive multifocal leukoen...

Brain : Many, but not all, post mortem brain in cases of fatal malaria has been described as oedematous (Riganti et al., 1990). Cerebral oedema is detected less commonly during life, in two of ten unusually severe cases of cerebral malaria in Thailand, cerebral oedema developed as an agonal phenomenon (Looareesuwan et al., 1983). Macpherson et al. (1985) found minimal evidence of oedema. Oo et ...

Injuries such as traumatic brain injury and stroke can result in increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. This increase may lead to water accumulation in the brain tissue resulting in vasogenic oedema. Although the initial injury may be localized, the resulting oedema causes mechanical damage and compression of the vasculature beyond the original injury site. We employ a biphasic mixtu...

The capillary basement membranes are examined in severe traumatic brain injuries, vascular malformation, congenital hydrocephalus and brain tumours. They exhibit homogeneous and nodular thickening, vacuolization, rarefaction, reduplication, and deposition of collagen fibers. Their average thickness varied according to the aetiology and severity of brain oedema. In moderate brain oedema the thic...

An uncontrolled increase in intracranial pressure (ICP), often due to cerebral oedema, is the most common cause of death in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Different types of oedema coexist in TBI patients: vasogenic oedema and cytotoxic oedema. Vasogenic oedema occurs with the extravasation of fluid into the extracellular space following blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Cytotoxic o...

INTRODUCTION We report a case of neurogenic pulmonary oedema (NPO) following massive left cerebral infarct, which was initially misdiagnosed as acute myocardial infarction (AMI). CLINICAL PICTURE This 52-year-old man presented with acute loss of consciousness with normal brain computed tomography (CT). He was treated as non-ST-elevation AMI complicated with pulmonary oedema based on findings ...